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Circle Polynomials

In STARK protocols, the computation trace is organized into columns and represented as polynomials. This section explains how S-two represents and manipulates polynomials over the circle, covering both point-value (evaluations) and coefficient representations.
This section is organized as follows:
  • Columns: How computation trace data is stored in columns, including both base field and secure field representations.
  • Circle Evaluations and Polynomials: Point-value and coefficient representations of polynomials, their mathematical foundations, and conversion between forms.
  • Secure Evaluations and Polynomials: Extension to secure field polynomials using the quartic extension QM31, with implementation details.